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Malcom McLean’s invent ion of the large, modern shipping container and its rapid acceptance as the primary method of shipping nonbulk cargo has driven the intermodal transportation system to be the primary way cargo is moved worldwide. Later in this chapter we review in detail Malcom McLean’s invention of the container. For now, let’s discuss its benefits and impact on intermodalism. What was new about McLean’s innovation was the idea of using large containers that were never opened in transit between shipper and consignee and that were transferable on an intermodal basis between trucks, ships, and railroad cars. The reduction in loading time (about 1/20 of the time used for the same quantity of break-bulk cargo) and the reduction in overall port/shipping costs (about 1/50 of the cost of loading and shipping the same quantity of break-bulk cargo) had a huge financial impact on the cost of the operation. These benefits, combined with McLean’s freely releasing his patent on the container to the International Standards Organization, ushered in the creation of the standardized container and the development of container terminals and container ships to support these shipping operations.
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